| Move
to the Previous Section 1
ISSUES
OF THE REPUBLIC
No.
153-167, 168-173
TYPE:
A 9, A 10, A 11, A 12
ISSUED: (153-167) November 23, 1918 (168-173) December
15, 1918
DESIGNERS: (A9) Edmund Tull; (A10) W. (Vilmos) Brandmayer;
(All 12) Emery Foldes
NOTES:
Regular issues of 1916-1918 overprinted in black KOZTARSASAG
(Republic). Immediately following World War I Hungary
set up the People's Republic with Count Karolyi as Provisional
President. This lasted from the fall of 1918 until March
of 1919 when the Soviet Republic, under Bela Kun, came
into being. During this period these so called "Republic"
stamps were issued and used.Many are known to exist with
an inverted overprint.
No.
174-197
TYPE:
A 13, A 14
ISSUED: Jan. 26, 1919
PROCESS: Typographed PERF: 15
PAPER: Watermarked double cross
DESIGNER: Edmund Tull (A13); William Brandmayer (A14)
Same design as A 9 and A 10 with the exception that the
words Magyar Kir Posta have been changed to read Magyar
Posta (Hungarian Post)
NOTES:
Type A 14 has a white tablet and dark numerals reverse
from type A 10. The 3f claret was never placed in regular
use without the overprint (see later notes)
The 1.20 K is known to exist imperf.
ISSUES OF THE SOVIET REPUBLIC
No.
198-202
TYPE:
A 15, 16, 17, 18, 19
ISSUED: June 24, 1919
PROCESS: Lithographed
PAPER: Watermarked double cross
PERF: 12½ x 12
DESIGNER: (A 15, 16, 19) Ferenc Bokras; (17, 18) A Gara,
and S. Grof
DESIGN AND HISTORY:
Karl Marx. 1818-1883, writer of "Das
Kapital" from which both Socialists and Communists
obtain their political beliefs.
Alexander (Sandor) Petofi. 1823-1849,
writer of lyrics, embraced the cause of the Hungarian
revolutionists in 1848; was aide-de-camp to General Bern
and distinguished himself in the battle of Deva anEzasz-Sebes;
statue to his memory in Budapest.
Ignas Josef Martinovics, 1755-1795, an
old Franciscan, became one of the most rabid propagators
of democratic ideas in Hungary; on accession of Francis
II he headed a revolutionary movement, was beheaded in
1795 for a plot against the government.
Gyorgy Dozsa, born in the 16th Century,
raised an army from the peasants, attacked Istvan Bathory,
was burned to death on an iron throne with a fiery crown
on his head.
Friedrich Engles, 1820-1895, a German,
Socialist and associate of Karl Marx; edited several of
the volumes of Das Kapital; spent time in England; took
active part in founding of the International in 1864.
Bela Kun's government, the Magyar Tanacskoztarsasag or
Hungarian Soviet Republic (shown on the stamps) lasted
only 143 days, or until some time in July of 1919, when
a Socialist government came into power.
NOTES: There are plenty of forgeries
in the used copies of this set; the correct dates of usage
were between June 24, 1919, and November 23, 1919. The
entire set is known to exist imperforate.
No.
203-222
From
June 24, 1919 until November 23, 1919 Bela Kun's government
surcharged types A 13 with MAGYAR/ TANACS / KOZTARSASAG
in 3 horizontal lines, and type A 14 with MAGYAR/TANACSKOZTARSASAG
in 2 oblique lines.
NOTES:
There are many forgeries on these overprints.
No.
225-262
During
this same period a government in opposition to the Soviet
Republic government then in control of Budapest, was established
and known as the National Counter Government in Szeged
(a town in Hungary). This government surcharged Types
A 9 and A 10 with the words in a square, MAGYAR / NEMZETI
/ KORMANY / SZEGED / 1919 (the translation reading Hungarian
Government Szeged in 1919.)
On #240 and #241 new values were prepared by an additional
surcharge.
#246-258
the above overprint was applied to those formerly overprinted
Koztarsasag and #239 contains an additional surcharge
changing the value.
William and Doris Stericker of the Austro Hungarian Philatelic
society give us the following detailed information in
connection with the SZEGED issues: The overprinting was
started in King's Press in Szeged, but as the printing
progressed, a printers' strike took place; a portion of
the overprints were finished there, but since the owners
of the press would not continue the work, the material
was transferred to another print shop and there completed,
so that the balance of the overprints were by non-professional
hands and even by minor postal officials. Hence the preparation
of the overprints was accomplished under considerable
difficulty. This is noticeable in the overprints, since
many errors occur in the text of the overprints. It is
interesting that since the stamps were prepared in half-sheets
in two different print shops, one may find a sheet in
which the upper half (50 stamps) was done in one print
shop and the lower half in another. One can see these
differences in pairs from the middle of the sheet. Stamps
with cinnabar or dark green were produced in the first
print shop, and carmine or dark green in the second print
shop. Also that values not given here with overprints
or overprints in other than the given colors are proofs.
They further tell us the overprint of print shop one can
be recognized because the printing shows through strongly
on the back. The following will give you a list of the
number surcharged in the two print shops:
Reaper Issued Press
2f. (g) Yellow brown 17,800 1
3f. (g) red lilac 51,400 1
5f. (r) yellow green 14,300 1,
2
6f. (r) green blue 900 1,
2
15f. (r) violet 11,300 1,
2
20f. (r) sepia* 400 1,
2
25f. (r) blue 22,800 1,
2
45 on 3f. (g) red lilac 50,000 1
open 4 ............... 1
Karl and Zita
10f. (g) brick red 16,400 1
20f. (r) dark brown 66,400 1, 2
25f. (r) blue 1,500 1, 2
40f. (r) olive 3,500 1, 2
Parliament
50f. (r) lilac 2,100 1
75f. (r) bright blue 9,700 1
80f. (r) yellow green 2,200 1
1k. (g) dark red 18,000 1
2k. (r) olive brown 8,600 1
3k. (r) dark violet, gray 5,500 1
5k. (r) dark brown 400 1
10k.(r) chocolate & lilac 400 1
10k. on 1 k.(g) dark red 5,000 1
Newspaper Stamps (Special Delivery)
(2f.) (g) orange 48,299 1
2f. (r) gray olive-red 3,700 1,
2
War Relief
10 (+2) f. (g) red 47,200 1
15 (+2) f. (r) violet 10,400 1.
2
40 (+2) f. (g) dark red 4,000 1
Koztarsasag Overprints on Reaper and Parliament
3f. (g) red lilac 700 1
4f. (r) slate 3,600 1,
2
5f. (r) yellow green 1,600 1,
2
6f. (r) greenish blue 2,700 1,
2
10f. (g) brick red 1,200 1,
2
20f. (r) sepia 500 1,
2
20 on 2f. (g) yell brown 50,700 1,
2
40f. (r) olive green 17,400 1,
2
3K. (r) violet and gray 800 1
Koztarsasag, Karl and Zita
10f. (g) brick red 1,300 1
15f. (r) violet 4,000 1, 2
20f. (r) dark brown 300 2
25f. (r) blue 2,000 1, 2
50f. (r) purple 22,200 1, 2
Koztarsasag War Relief
40 (+2) f. (g) dark red 2,600 1
Postage Due
2f. (r) green and red 13,600 1, 2
6f. (r) " " " 4,100 1
10f. (r) " " " 10,600 1
12f. (r) " " " 8,400 1
20f. (r) " " " 6,500 1
30f. (r) " " " 4,400 1
50 on 2f. (r) " 15,000 1
100 on 2f. (r) " 15,000 1
This was a very unsettled period in Hungary, and rather
than take the necessary time to issue new stamps, the
supplies then in the various large post offices were surcharged
or overprinted to fill the need, even to the extent of
using up some values for which there was no use, by surcharging
them with new values. These are all known to exist on
cover and are just as much a part of your Hungarian collection
as any of the other stamps, but the warning against forgery
overprints cannot be stressed too strongly.
No.
265-305A
A
still further group at Temesvar seized and surcharged
types A 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 with the words BANAT BACSKA
1919 for use in this section of Hungary between the evacuation
by the Serbs and the Romanian occupation of that section.
These surcharges are in three lines oblique, or, two words
at the top of a semi circle with the 1919 at the bottom.
They were surcharged too, on the formerly surcharged Koztarsasag
issues.
No.
306-310
After
Kun's Soviet Republic collapsed he fled, and several new
governments were attempted. They could gain no headway
because of the Roumanian occupation of Budapest. The evacuation
of the Roumanians was finally effected under the direction
of four Entente Generals sent to Budapest to protect the
Hungarians.
TYPE: A 13 ISSUED: November 16, 1919
Five values of A 13 were surcharged A NEMZETI / HADSEREG
/ BEVONULASA / 1919. XI/16. in four lines. (Entry of the
National Army November 16 1919) into Budapest. These stamps
were sold for two days only and were to commemorate or
celebrate the Roumanian evacuation on November 14, 1919.
GENERAL POSTAGE ISSUES UNDER THE REGENCY
Admiral
Nicholas Horthy, and his Army, took over the Government
of Hungary in 1920 an instance of an Admiral operating
a kingdom without a king.
No.
311-377
ISSUED:
March 1, 1920
Types A13, A14, A9, and A10 surcharged with a sheaf of
wheat and the date "1919" on a ribbon band in
black.
NOTES:
Many forgeries exist on all of these the easiest to detect
being the upstanding sheaf of wheat. On the genuine the
shading lines run into the ribbon band between the "9"
and the "1" of 1919, whereas on the forgery
the band is plain behind all the figures 1-9-1-9.
The Hungarian name of the government printing department
is Magyar Kiralyi Allamy Nyomda, and all stamps after
this date were prepared by this department, with any necessary
engraving work being done there.
No. 378-379
TYPE:
A 23
ISSUED: February 27, 1921
PROCESS: Typographed
PAPER: Watermarked double cross
DESIGN: Madonna and child. Inscribed Magyar Kir. Posta
(Hungarian Royal Postage)
And
then the inflation set in and is shown very definitely
by the higher values on the postage stamps of the country.
No.
380-387
TYPE:
A 23
Re issued with the new watermark - four double crosses,
from 200k through the 10,000k. 3,000k is known imperf.;
5,000k with center inverted.
No.
388-396
TYPE:
A 13
Re issued on the new watermarked paper - four double crosses.
The Parliament Building type has colored numerals.
NOTES:
No. 393 has an "800" in the upper right corner
instead of 600.
No.
400-402
TYPE:
A 24
ISSUED: February 1, 1925
PROCESS: Typographed
PAPER: Unwatermarked
PERF.: 12
DESIGNER: Franz Helbing
PURPOSE: To honor Jokai
DESIGN: Maurus Jokai, laurel wreath, his name, and year
dates 1825/1925.
HISTORY: First commerorative issued by Hungary. Commemorated
the birth of the Hungarian Novelist; a famous writer portraying
life as he found it; also a great patriot and supporter
of Kossuth. Jokai's best known works are "Sad Days"
, " Men of Gold," and "Eyes Like the Sea."
Born February 19, 1825.
NOTES:
Circulated only during February. Exists on very thin cigarettelike
paper. First postage stamps (as distinguished from semipostals)
inscribed MAGYARORSZAG (Hungarian Country).
No.
403-408
TYPE:
A 25
ISSUED: April 1, 1926
PROCESS: Lithographed
PAPER: Watermarked four double crosses
PERF: 14, 15
DESIGNER: F. Helbing
PURPOSE: Entire new series of postage stamps because of
change in monetary rates to filler and pengo
DESIGN: Crown of St. Stephen.
HISTORY: This is the first time the crown has been shown
alone. This crown has a very long history. It is known
as the Holy Crown of St. Stephen and consists of two crowns,
the upper part presented by Pope Sylvester II to St. Stephen
the first King of Hungary, in about 1000, in recognition
of his efforts to bring to Christianity the various tribes
making up the Hungarians; the lower part was received
by King Geza I, from Michael Dukas, Emperor of Byzantium,
in recognition of the cultural efforts of the Hungarians.
Both crowns were later welded into one.
Perhaps you have wondered why the little cross on the
top slopes to the left. There are many stories about this
- one tells us that it was knocked sidewise in a battle;
another one tells that it was a sign of servitude imposed
by Charles VI as the result of an Hungarian insurrection;
another one tells that Maria Theresa had the cross put
in its original position, but that it began to slope again
after the Revolution of 1849. If we are to believe another
writer the bolt and nut which hold the cross in its place
have been worn away in the course of the centuries and
the authorities do not wish to renew the fastening. It
is unlikely that Charles VI would attach the cross in
such a position, since he and his successors were to wear
the crown. It is also unlikely that Maria Theresa had
the cross straightened, because she is seen wearing the
crown with the cross sloping.
When Kossuth fled before the imperial armies in 1849 he
buried the coronation insignia and the crown on a hill
near Orsova.
No.
409-412, 413-414
TYPE:
A26, A27
ISSUED: April 1, 1926
PROCESS: Typographed
PAPER: Watermarked four double crosses
PERF: (A26) 14, 15. (A27) 14½ x 14
DESIGNER: F. Helbing
PURPOSE: Regular postage with new gold value.
DESIGNS and HISTORY: St. Matthias Cathedral on St. Gellert's
Hill, being the oldest church in Buda, and called the
Coronation Church because here Franz Joseph was crowned
in 1867. Below the church is the Fishers' Bastion.
Palace at Budapest - The first Royal Palace was started
by Bela IV in 1247, on the Buda side of the River - later
destroyed by the Turks - new one built by Maria Theresa
in 1748 containing 860 rooms - fire partially destroyed
it in 1847 was again restored and enlarged.
Prior
to World War II was a show place of Budapest.
No.
415-417
TYPE:
A28
ISSUED: Sept. 2, 1926
PROCESS: Engraved
PAPER: Watermarked four double crosses.
PERF.: 14
DESIGNER: F. Helbing
ENGRAVED: At Hungarian Government Printing Bureau
PURPOSE: Regular postage in the new pengo values
DESIGN: Madonna and child in a smaller size
No.
418-421
TYPE:
A29
ISSUED: January 7, 1927
PROCESS: Typographed
PAPER: Watermarked four double crosses
PERF.: 14, 15
DESIGNER: Schwacz and Koch
PURPOSE: Regular postage values
DESIGN: Palace at Budapest, but with no boat in the foreground.
No.
422-427
TYPE:
A30
ISSUED: August 1, 1928 (green, red, ultramarine)
August 1, 1929 (lake, violet, bistre)
PROCESS: Engraved
PAPER: Watermarked four double crosses
PERF. 14½, 14
DESIGNER: F. Helbing
ENGRAVED: At the Hungarian Government Printing Bureau
PURPOSE: In commemoration of the 800th anniversary of
the death of St: Stephen.
DESIGN: St. Stephen
HISTORY: St. Stephen (Stephen I or Istvan I or St. Etienne
977 - 1038) was the first King of Hungary, 998 - 1038,
at that time assuming the title of Stephen I First Christian
King of Hungary. He was one of the great statesmen of
history; his reign resulted in the establishment of the
Hungarian church and the Hungarian state. Stephen was
the son of Geza, Duke of Hungary, and Carlotta, one of
the few Magyar Christian ladies. Stephen spent 25 years
making his country the promised, land, and by the end
of his reign Catholics of all nationalities found refuge
there. St. Stephen was the husband of St. Gisela. He was
canonized a saint in 1083.
NOTE:
The lake, violet and bistre were issued in 1929 in connection
with the St. Stephen Festival.
No.
428-441
TYPE:
A25, A26, A31
ISSUED: 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931
PROCESS: Typographed
PAPER: Wmkd. double cross on pyramid
PERF.: 14, 15
DESIGNER: F. Helbing
PURPOSE: Regular postage issues with new type of water
mark
DESIGNS: (A25), Crown of St. Stephen; (A26), St. Matthias
Cathedral; (A31), Palace at Budapest.
NOTES:
As the values were depleted new ones were prepared on
the new watermarked paper; the figures on the A25 and
A26 are much thicker than on the 1925-26 set - there are
no serifs on the "1" or "4." The steamer
(A31) is nearer the right of the design, and is much smaller
than on the 1926 designs.
The 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 16 and 20 are known to exist on
thin paper.
No.
445-449
TYPE:
A32
ISSUED: March 1, 1930
PROCESS: Lithographed
PAPER: Watermarked double cross on pyramid
PERF: 14
DESIGNER: F. Helbing
PICTURES: Admiral Nicholas Horthy, his name, the dates
1920-1930, and a branch of laurel.
PURPOSE: To commemorate the 10th anniversary of the election
of Admiral Nicholas Horthy, as Regent, on March 1, 1920.
HISTORY: Nicholas Vitez Horthy de Nagybanya, born 1868,
elected Regent of Hungary in 1920; Admiral, army commander,
painter, musician, married Magdalene Purgly de Joszahely.
Is the father of Stephen Horthy.
No.
450-456
TYPES:
A25, A26
HISTORY: Hungary reduced some of its postal rates in 1930
and adapted the obsolete 1926-1929 values to meet this
new condition. The surcharge design did not merely blot
out the old value, but the overprint was so designed as
to reuse the word "filler"
No.458-461
TYPE:
A33, A34
ISSUED: April 1, 1932
PROCESS: Photogravure
PAPER: Watermarked double cross on pyramid
PERF.: 15, 14
PRINTED: At the State Printing Office at Budapest, where
the designing was completed.
PURPOSE: To commemorate the 7th centenary of the death
of St. Elizabeth in 1231.
DESIGN: Head of St. Elizabeth from an original painting.
St. Elizabeth ministering to children
HISTORY: St. Elizabeth, Queen of Thuringia, born in 1207,
daughter of Andrew II, King of Hungary, married at the
age of fourteen to Louis IV of Thuringia; noted for her
gifts to the poor; after her husband's death she was deprived
of the Regency by his brother, was driven from her home
with her three small children, found refuge with her uncle
in Bamberg; later refused to return to the regency, lived
at Marburg, administering to the sick and needy. She died
on November 17, 1231 and four years later was canonized
by Gregory IX for her work among the needy.
No.
462-465
TYPE:
A35
ISSUED: May 1, 1932
PROCESS: Photogravure
PAPER: Watermarked double cross on pyramid
PERF: 12
DESIGNER: F. Helbing
PURPOSE: Regular postage, high values
DESIGN: Madonna, Patroness of Hungary and the child
HISTORY: The 1926 high values were about exhausted and
a new design of the Madonna and Child was prepared and
issued early in 1932 on the new watermarked paper.
No.
466-467, 480
TYPE:
A25, A29
Because of another change in rates in 1932 an additional
surcharge (large "2") was placed over the 6
on 8 magenta, and later on in the year the old 70 scarlet
was surcharged with a 10 and 3 short bars at either side.
No.
468-479
TYPE:
A36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47
ISSUED: August 1, 1932.
PROCESS: Photogravure from portraits
PAPER: Watermarked Double Cross on Pyramid
PERF.: 15
DESIGNED: From photographs and original paintings
PURPOSE: To publicize the national heroes.
DESIGNS AND HISTORY:
Imre Madach. 1823-1864, author of the
great Hungarian dramatic poem "The Tragedy of Man."
Janos Arany, 1817-1882, poet whose ballads
and epics are among the fundamentals of national poetry.
Ignaz Semmelweiss, 1818-1865, physician
famed for his prevention of septic fever; writer on medical
subjects.
Roland Eotvos, 1848-1919, distinguished
physicist and inventor of the Eotvos Pendulum for ascertaining
distant earthquakes and presence of water and minerals
in the ground; writer on these subjects.
Count Stephen Szechenyi, 1791-1860, founder
of the Hungarian Academy of Science and instigator of
every intellectual and economic movement in Hungary during
his lifetime. A statesman, soldier, and writer.
Franz Deak, 1803-1876, the wise man of
the nation - a lawyer by profession, he initiated the
peace between Hungary and Austria after the Hapsburg oppression.
Franz Liszt, 1811-1886, famed composer
of Hungarian origin, a pianist. Writer on musical subjects.
Louis Kossuth, 1802-1894, leader in the
struggle for freedom in 1848. Politician, editor, writer,
statesman.
Stephen Tisza, 1861-1918, Prime Minister
of Hungary before and during World War I, and victim of
the Bolshevik movement following the war.
Michaly Munkacay (Michael von Munkacsy)
1844-1900, a celebrated painter, his works being associated
with religion.
Alexander Csoma de Korosi 1784-1842.
Explored Central Asia in a search of that country from
which the Magyars derive their origin.
Farkas Bolyai, 1775-1858, philosopher,
physicist and mathematician.
NOTE: All of the above are known
to exist imperf.
No.
481-485
TYPE:
A48
ISSUED: July 10, 1933
PROCESS: Photogravure
PAPER: Watermarked double cross on pyramid
PERF: 15
DESIGNERS: Julia Rauscher and Alexander Legrady
DESIGN: Leaping stag, double cross, and the Crown of St.
Stephen, the three mountains and the word "Jamboree
1933"
PURPOSE: Issued in connection with the International Jamboree
of Boy Scouts at Godolio, near Budapest, from July 20th
to August 20th, 1933.
No.
486
TYPE
A48a
ISSUED: May 6, 1934
PROCESS: Photogravure
PAPER: Watermarked double cross on pyramid
PERF.: 15 (one stamps on a sheet)
DESIGN: Franz Liszt - taken from a photograph of a portrait
now hung in the Academy of Music.
DESIGNER: (Frame) Zoltan Egry (Picture) corrected by Sandor
Legrady
PURPOSE Issued for the 2nd Hungarian Philatelic Exposition
at Budapest, and the 50th Jubilee of the First Hungarian
Philatelic Society
PRINTED: At the Government Printing Office
NOTES:
70 filler was entry fee to the exhibition. Sold in connection
with each ticket of admission to the exhibition at the
Budapest International Fair. 50,000 sheets were issued.
The marginal notes on the sheet read "II Orszagos
Belyegkialutas / Tas" (at top) and "L.E.H.E.
1884-1934" (at bottom). The name of their Society
is Levelbelyeggyujtok Elso Hazai Egyessuete.
No.
487-491
TYPE:
A49
ISSUED: April 8, 1935
PROCESS: Photogravure
PAPER: Wmkd. double cross on pyramid
PERF.: 12
DESIGNER: Adam Manyoki
DESIGN: Prince Francis (Ferenc) Rakoczi II, taken from
a portrait, to the left coat of arms, above two diagonal
ribbons containing the dates 1676-1735.
PURPOSE: To commemorate the 200th anniversary of the death
of Prince Rakoczi II on April 8, 1735
HISTORY: Born in Transylvania, then a part of Hungary,
not only a great hero but a master strategist; a statesman;
artist and writer. For eight consecutive years fought
for the constitutional and civil rights of the common
people; twice declined to accept the throne of Poland,
and at the end of the revolution he preferred exile rather
than to live under a foreign rule. His body and that of
his beloved mother, were returned and placed in the Cathedral
of Kassa in 1906, but by the Treaty of Trianon, Kassa
and all upper Hungary was ceded to Czechoslovakia, while
his beloved Transylvania was annexed to Roumania.
NOTES:
140,000 sets issued.
Special cancelation used at Budapest on April 8, 1935.
The 10 is known to exist without the moustache.
No.
492-497
TYPE:
A50, A51
ISSUED: September 25, 1935
PROCESS: Photogravure
PAPER: Watermarked double cross on pyramid
PERF.: 12
DESIGNER: Reszo Temple
PURPOSE: To commemorate the tercentenary of the founding
of the University of Budapest by Cardinal Peter Pazmany
DESIGN: (3 values) Cardinal Pazmany inscribed Peter Pazmany
Fundator Universitatis / Hungaricae and date 1635 (Hungarian
University Foundation) (3 values); Pazmany signing the
Charter inscribed Pazmany / Alairja Az Egyetem / Alapito
Levelet / 1635-1935. (Pazmany signs the Document establishing
the University).
HISTORY: Cardinal Pazmany was Primate of Hungary from
1616 until his death in 1637 (born 1570) having founded
the University at Budapest in 1635. He is responsible
for the restoration of Catholicism in Hungary and is considered
one of the foremost Hungarian prose writers of the 17th
century.
NOTE:
200,000 sets issued.
There was a very ornate first day cancelation from Budapest.
No.
498-502
TYPE:
A52, 53, 54, 55
ISSUED: September 2, 1936
PROCESS: Photogravure
PAPER: Watermarked double cross on pyramid
PERF.: 11½ x 12½
DESIGNER: Sandor (Alexander) Legrady
PURPOSE: To commemorate the 250th anniversary of the recapture
of Budapest from the Turks in 1686
DESIGN: Ancient city and fortress of Buda; Guardian Angel
over Buda; Shield of Buda with cannon and massed flags;
First Hungarian soldier to enter Buda, and the dates 1686-
1936
HISTORY: Buda at that time was the capital city, but was
later incorporated with Pest (Russian word for oven, referring
to the lime kilns) on the opposite side of the river.
Buda was recaptured by the combined forces of the countries
of the Holy Roman Empire, Venice and the Papal states,
under the leadership of Charles, Duke of Lorraine and
Pope Innocentius XI in 1686, this being the end of the
menace of Turkish domination of Christian Europe. Although
the city had been nearly destroyed by the Turks, it was
rebuilt in exactly the style in which King Matthias had
built it. In connection with the celebration from September
1st to 3rd in 1936, the ancient fortress of Buda was again
besieged, stormed and captured from the Turks by the Holy
League of Europe.
NOTES:
Two first day cancelations were used at Budapest.
No.
503-508
TYPE:
A56
ISSUED: February 22, 1937
PROCESS: Photogravure
PAPER: Watermarked double cross on pyramid
PERF.: 12
DESIGNER: Istvan Drahos
PURPOSE: In connection with the International Fair to
be held at Budapest, April 30th to May 10th, 1937
DESIGN: Caduceus and three ribbons, with the words "Vasar
/ 1937 / Majus" (The May Fair's Stamp) and Budapest
HISTORY: The caduceus is the traditional symbol of the
god Mercury and reminds us that this Greek divinity was
the patron of traders and business men.
No.
509-510
TYPE:
A57, A58
ISSUED: May 5, 1937
PROCESS: Photogravure from portraits
PAPER: Watermarked double cross on pyramid
PERF.: 15
DESIGNS: Franc Kolcsey. 1790-1838, poet and author of
the Hungarian National Hymn.
Mihaly Vorosmarty, 1800-1855, poet, dramatist, romanticist,
legislator and jurist.
NOTE:
Change in postal rates necessitated 5 and 25 filler values,
and although issued five years after the original famous
men set should be kept together.
No.
511-524
TYPE:
A59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66
ISSUED: January 1, 1938
PROCESS: Photogravure
PAPER: Watermarked double cross on pyramid
PERF.: 12
PURPOSE: To commemorate the 900th anniversary of the death
of St. Stephen
DESIGNER: Sandor Legrady
PICTURE: (A59) Pope Sylvester II and Abbot Astrik, receiving
the crown, (A60) St. Stephen, (A61) St. Stephen seated
on the throne, (A62) Saints Gerhardt, Emerich and Stephen
teaching St. Emeric in the presence of his father, (A63)
St. Stephen offering the Holy crown to the Virgin Mary,
or the founding of the Hungarian Church, (A64) St. Stephen
as King Stephen I, (A65) Madonna, Patroness of Hungary,
(A66) The Crown of St. Stephen.
HISTORY: Pope Sylvester II was Pope from 999 to 1003;
he introduced the use of Arabic figures into western Europe.
Stephen, born 975, died 1038, became King of Hungary in
997; in order to make Hungary a Christian nation and to
establish himself as a ruler, he sent Abbot Astricus to
Rome to petition Pope Sylvester II for royal dignity and
for power to establish episcopal sees. Sylvester acceded
to Stephen's wishes, recognizing the Magyar nationality
and endowing the famed kingly crown on Stephen. Stephen
was crowned with it on August 17, 1001, at Gran, his birthplace.
St. Stephen's son, Emery, (Imre, Emerich (1007-1031) or
St. Emery the Saint of Youth) and the latter's tutor,
the Italian St. Gellert or Gerhardt, are shown. St. Emerich,
the only son of Stephen, was the last great man of the
Arpad family, and was drowned because of his religious
beliefs.
NOTE:
Beginning with this 1938 set we find the words "MAGYAR
KIR. POSTA" restored to the stamps of Hungary. "Kir"
is the abbreviation of Kiralyi (Royal) and Magyar Kir
Posta means Hungarian Royal Postage. When the Republic
was declared in Hungary in November 1918, the monarchy's
Kir Posta stamps were overprinted KOZTARSASAG (Republic).
(153-173). When these provisionals were displaced in 1919
the word KIR was dropped and MAGYAR POSTA (Hungarian postage)
used (174-197). Later in 1919 radicals came into power,
with Bela Kun dominating the government, and during his
regime stamps were inscribed MAGYAR TANACSKOZTARSASAG
(Hungarian Soviet Republic). Admiral Horthy was made Regent
under a restored monarchial constitution in 1920 and stamps
inscribed MAGYAR KIR POSTA again were issued (beginning
with 335). In 1925 the KIR was abandoned and MAGYARORZAG,
meaning Hungarian Country, was adopted. With this 1938
set we go back again to MAGYAR KIR. POSTA, although Hungary
was then a Kingdom without a king.
No.
525-527
TYPE:
A67
ISSUED: January 1, 1938
PROCESS: Photogravure
PAPER: Watermarked cross on pyramid
PERF.: 12½ x 12
DESIGNER: E. Englerth
PURPOSE: Regular postage series, high values
PICTURE: Admiral Horthy (Niklos Horthy da Nagybanya, Regent
of Hungary)
No.
528
TYPE:
A68
ISSUED: August 12, 1938
PROCESS: Photogravure
PAPER: Watermarked double cross on pyramid
PERF: 12
DESIGNER: Alexander Legrady
PURPOSE: To honor Budapest Philatelic Exhibition or Third
National Philatelic Exhibition.
PICTURE: The 20 f carmine of the St. Stephen set-St. Stephen
seated on the throne.
NOTES: 100,000 issued. Sold at the exhibit post office
only in exchange for a coupon attached to each admission
ticket. A coat of arms on either side of the stamp; "Orszagos
Magyar Belyegkiallitas" across top (III Hungarian Philatelic
Exhibition) and the word "Budapest" above the stamp. "Az
Eucharisztikus Kongresszus Aokaimabol / Szent Isvan Kiraly
Jubileumi Edeben/1938" across bottom (On the occassion
of the Eucharistic Congress during the Jubilee Year of
St. Stephen First King of Hungary)
No. 529-534
TYPE:
A69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74
ISSUED: September 24, 1938
PROCESS: Photogravure
PAPER: Watermarked double cross on pyramid
PERF.: 12, 12½
DESIGNER: Adam Cziglenyi
PURPOSE: To commemorate the 400th anniversary of the founding
of the Debreczin College
PICTURE: (A69) The College of Debreczin
(A70) An 18th century view of the college
(A71) Three students of the 17th and 18th centuries
(A72) 19th century view of the college
(A73) George Marothy and the dates (1715 1744)
(A74) Stephen Hatvanl and the dates (1718 1786)
All stamps bear the inscription "Debreceni Collegium
1538-1938"
HISTORY: In the 16th century the population of Debreczen
attached itself to the Calvinist Reformation. A small
Roman Catholic school was taken over by the Protestants
and became the college which played a leading role in
the reformation of the country. The institution as it
appeared in the 18th century, 19th century and 20th century
appears on the stamps. Gyorgy (George) Marothy (1715-1744)
famous mathematician, historian, professor, music authority,
author, and reformer, was a student here, as well as Istvan
(Stephen) Hatvani (1718-1786) a physics professor, astronomer,
pioneer in electricity. Since 1914 the college has been
known as the Debreczin State University of Sciences.
No.
535-536
TYPE:
A61 and A66
Toward the end of the year 1938 two of the 1938 types
were overprinted with carmine or blue, "Hazateres
1938" (Return Home 1938), to commemorate the restoration
of the territory ceded by Czechoslovakia, and the liberation
of those territories from the Czechoslovakian rule.
No. 537-550
TYPE:
A75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82
ISSUED: June 21, 1939
PROCESS: Photogravure
PAPER: Watermarked double cross on pyramid
PERF: 15 and 12
DESIGNER: Sandor Legrady
PURPOSE: A regular postage series, called the Churches'
series.
PICTURE: (A75) Crown of St. Stephen, legend "Sacra
Corona" in semi-circle above crown
(A76) St. Stephen wearing the crown, with the words "Rex"
and "St. Stephanus"
(A77) Virgin Mary wearing the holy crown, or the Madonna
and Child, Patroness of Hungary
(A78) The Coronation Church at Budapest. Here are kept
the Crown of St. Stephen, scepter sword and coronation
robes, as shown in the background, and the words: Koronazo
Fotemplom
(A79) The Reformed church at Debreczen, with coat of arms
of the church in the background, and the words: Debreceni
Nagytemplom
(A80) The Cathedral or Archbishop's church at Estergom,
with double cross, hand of St. Stephen and coat of arms
of the Arpad dynasty in background; and the words Esztergomi
Bazilika
(A81) The Deak Square Evangelical church at Budapest,
with cross, bible, bunch of grapes, and head of wheat
in background; words: Deak Teri Evang. Templom
(A82) The Cathedral of Kassa with the Rakoczi coat of
arms in background. Here his body was finally buried in
1907. The words Kassai Szekesegyhaz.
No.
551-554
TYPE:
A83, 84, 85, 86
ISSUED: July 21, 1939
PROCESS: Photogravure
PAPER: Watermarked double cross on pyramid
PERF.: 12
DESIGNER: Sandor Legrady
PURPOSE: To commemorate the Girl Scout Jamboree held at
Godolio National Park near Budapest. This Congress was
known as the first "Pax-ting" lasting from July
27th to August 9th
PICTURE: Each has a three leaf clover, the international
badge of the Girl Scout movement, with two stars.
(A83) a hand raised in Scout salute and olive branch in
background.
(A84) Hungarian Girl Scout insignia composed of Shield
of Hungary, Crown of St. Stephen and Lily.
(A85) Heads of typical Hungarian Girl Scouts.
(A86) Dove of peace with olive branch, banner in background
representing international and national badges.
No.
555-557
TYPE:
A87, 88, 89
ISSUED: March 1, 1940
PROCESS: Photogravure
PAPER: Watermarked cross on pyramid
PERF: 12
DESIGNERS: Ferenc Marton and Sandor Legrady
PURPOSE: To commemorate the 20th anniversary of the election
of Admiral Horthy as Regent of Hungary
PICTURE: (A87) Admiral Horthy at Szeged in 1919, as Commander
in Chief of the National Army. Cathedral of Szeged in
the background and date 1919.
(A88) A bust of Admiral Horthy from a portrait, with the
coat of arms and dates 1920-1940.
(A89) The 20 is symbolical of the restoration of the territory
taken from Hungary after World War I, and returned by
Czechoslovakia, picturing an angel ringing the bell of
liberty, and the Cathedral of Kassa, Kassa being an important
city again within the Hungarian boundaries. This bears
the date 1939, and alludes to the fact that the territory
was thus returned in 1939 during the twenty years of government.
No.
558
TYPE:
A90
ISSUED: December 1, 1940
PROCESS: Photogravure
PAPER: Watermarked double cross on pyramid
PERF: 12
DESIGNER: Sandor Legrady
PURPOSE: To commemorate the recovery of northwestern Transylvania
from Romania, or the return of Erdeley, Transylvania,
to Hungarian rule.
PICTURE: Warriors of the Middle Ages at either side of
the double Royal Crown, superimposed on bright rays. St.
Stephen with the sword and Apostolic Cross at the left
and St. Ladislaus with the battle ax and the orb at the
right.
HISTORY: The Nazis
dictated this restoration under the Vienna Conference
on August 30, 1940, and the occupation was completed on
September 13, 1940. The inscription under the crown KELET
VISSZATER means the east returns.
Move to the previous
section 1
Move
to the next section 3
|
